Relo, Hikaw, Payong: The Secret History Hidden in Your Filipino Accessory Drawer

Published on: January 12, 2025

A flat lay of Filipino accessories: a modern watch (relo), traditional gold earrings (hikaw), and a classic umbrella (payong) on a woven mat.

Have you ever wondered why you call your earrings 'hikaw' (a native Tagalog word), but your watch a 'relo' (from Spanish), and your favorite handbag is just a 'bag' (from English)? This isn't just a language quirk. The words we use for our accessories are a fascinating timeline of Filipino culture, and we're about to unpack the history hidden in your closet. Each word is a cultural artifact, a fossilized remnant of a specific era's influence on our identity and how we choose to adorn ourselves. By examining the etymology of these everyday items, we're not just learning linguistics; we're excavating the story of the Philippines, one accessory at a time.

Here is your 100% unique rewrite, crafted by a Filipino cultural historian with a passion for modern style.


Unpacking the Filipino Wardrobe: A Linguistic Archaeology

To truly understand Filipino style, one must look beyond the fabric and into our very words. Our vocabulary for accessories is a living museum, a core sample of our history revealing layers of cultural influence. Think of it as a form of cultural stratigraphy. At the bottom lies our primordial Austronesian bedrock—fiercely indigenous and foundational. Layered upon this is a dense, transformative stratum of Hispanic influence, and dusting the surface is a dynamic topsoil of Anglophone modernity.

The Primordial Bedrock: Our Austronesian Soul (Hikaw, Kuwintas, Singsing)

Long before the silhouettes of Spanish galleons broke the horizon, our ancestors had a dazzling culture of adornment. The words that have journeyed with us from that era—hikaw (earring), kuwintas (necklace), and singsing (ring)—are potent storytellers. Notice their common thread: they describe ornaments fused with the body, extensions of one's very being.

These were never mere trifles. The 16th-century Boxer Codex illuminates this with stunning detail, depicting our forebears draped in magnificent goldwork. A hikaw wasn't a simple stud; it was an intricate pendant, a testament to breathtaking artisanship. These pieces were our original identity cards, signifying everything from social rank and village allegiance to spiritual protection. This vocabulary is intimate, visceral, because the objects themselves were inseparable from the self. When a modern Filipina chooses a piece of intricate ethnic wear jewellery, she isn’t just accessorizing; she is reaching back, reclaiming a piece of this foundational, authentic narrative.

The Hispanic Stratum: Colonial Re-Styling (Relo, Payong, Sinturon)

Then, a profound shift. Over 300 years under Spain introduced not just a new faith and governance, but an entirely new sartorial grammar. The accessories from this period, whose names we borrowed and localized, tell a story of adaptation and imposition. Consider relo (from reloj, watch), sinturon (from cinturón, belt), panuelo (the delicate fichu), and even the status-symbol payong (umbrella).

What’s fascinating is what these items represent: a pivot towards European notions of propriety and function. The relo imposed a rigid, Western concept of linear time. The sinturon became a necessity for the foreign pantalon. The panuelo, artfully pinned, was a key component of the modest, Catholic-enforced traje de mestiza. Unlike the indigenous hikaw, these were not integral to the spirit but were tools for navigating a new, rigid social hierarchy. They were about conforming, projecting status, and operating within a colonial framework. The strategic placement of a brooch to fasten the panuelo was a subtle broadcast of one's place in society. This impulse for strategic adornment finds a modern echo in the deliberate choice of a coat brooch style on a contemporary lapel—a small detail with a powerful statement.

The Globalized Topsoil: A Dialogue with the World (Bag, Shades, Necktie)

The twentieth century swept in with American influence, ushering in globalization and the English language. This most recent layer of our accessory lexicon is pragmatic, borderless, and unadorned: bag, wallet, sunglasses (or the coolly abbreviated shades), necktie, heels.

This vocabulary reflects our confident entry into the global sartorial dialogue. These terms are not about a singular cultural imposition but our participation in a world stitched together by mass media and international commerce. A bag in Makati is a bag in Milan. These words speak of modern utility and an engagement with global trends. The necktie, for example, became the emblem of a new corporate Filipino identity, and mastering the language of different tie styles was a new form of social fluency. This Anglophone layer represents our outward-facing self—cosmopolitan, adaptable, and perpetually in conversation with the ever-shifting currents of global style.

Of course. Here is the rewritten text, infused with the perspective of a Filipino cultural historian and modern stylist.


The Archaeology of Adornment: Crafting a Modern Filipina Style Narrative

To decode the language of our adornments—from the pre-colonial hikaw to the globalized 'bag'—is to embark on an archaeology of the self. This is far more than a simple history lesson; it's the very toolkit we need for intentional self-expression. It empowers us to transform a wardrobe from a mere accumulation of garments into a deeply personal and coherent chronicle. The vocabulary of our accessories is the vibrant tapestry of our identity, woven with threads of Austronesian ingenuity, colonial imposition, and contemporary global currents. To erase a single chapter is to render the entire story illegible.

The question then becomes, how do we weave this rich understanding into the fabric of our daily lives? The answer lies in a practice of deliberate, conscious curation. It's about assembling a collection that sings of the glorious, intricate, and often paradoxical saga of what it means to be Filipino today.

A Modern Filipina's Style Lexicon

1. The 'Hikaw' Imperative: Anchoring in Our Austronesian Soul.

The adornments that grace our skin and echo our spirit demand the most intention. Here, in our choice of jewelry, we forge a direct link to our foundational identity. Instead of reflexively reaching for mass-market trinkets, let us champion the Filipino artisans who are the keepers of our ancestral motifs and materials. You can unearth a universe of breathtaking pieces when you explore designer fashion jewellery online, where our contemporary visionaries are masterfully translating heritage into wearable art for the 21st century. When you wear these creations, they cease to be simple decorations. They become talismans of identity, a vibrant proclamation of your heritage.

2. The 'Relo' Remix: Decolonizing Our Inheritance.

The artifacts of our colonial chapter—the classic relo (watch), the supple leather sinturon (belt), the enduring grace of the barong—are not to be discarded. Instead, we must liberate them from their historical weight. The strategy is reinterpretation. By masterfully juxtaposing these classic pieces with indigenous textures and modern silhouettes, we decolonize them. Imagine a meticulously embroidered barong thrown casually over distressed denim, or a classic timepiece nestled against a stack of T'boli brass bracelets. This dialogue between epochs, this dance between the heirloom and the everyday, is the definitive rhythm of contemporary Filipino style.

3. The Global 'Bag' Dialogue: Weaving the World In.

Our story has never been one of isolation; we are, and have always been, part of a global exchange. The 'bag,' the 'sneakers,' the 'sunglasses' that connect you to international trends are a valid part of this narrative. There is immense power, not shame, in this fluency. The art lies in the synthesis. Let your global finds converse with your local treasures. Let an internationally coveted 'bag' become a canvas for a handwoven inaul scarf from Maguindanao tied to its handle. This is how we broadcast that our identity is not a relic preserved in amber but a dynamic, evolving force. Our style becomes a rich cross-section, a vibrant stratigraphy where every layer—indigenous, colonial, global—is celebrated for its unique contribution to the magnificent whole.

Pros & Cons of Relo, Hikaw, Payong: The Secret History Hidden in Your Filipino Accessory Drawer

Deeper Cultural Connection: Understanding the etymology of your accessories provides a richer, more meaningful relationship with your personal style and heritage.

Risk of Over-Intellectualizing: It's possible to overthink simple fashion choices, which can sometimes remove the spontaneous joy of just wearing something you love.

Intentional and Unique Style: This knowledge empowers you to build a wardrobe that is not just a collection of trends, but a unique narrative of your identity.

Potential for Misinterpretation: Without careful research, one might incorrectly attribute the origin or significance of certain terms and items.

Supports Local Artisans: A conscious approach often leads to seeking out and supporting local craftsmen who continue traditional techniques.

Can Feel Limiting Initially: Focusing on historical meaning might feel restrictive at first, before you learn how to creatively fuse different influences.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are all Spanish-sounding accessory words in Tagalog from Spain?

Not necessarily. Many words, like 'sapatos' (shoes) from 'zapatos,' came to the Philippines via the Galleon Trade with Mexico (New Spain). This reveals a more complex, trans-Pacific route for cultural and linguistic influence, not just a direct line from Madrid.

What about the word 'alahas' for jewelry?

This is a fantastic example of deeper history! 'Alahas' comes from the Spanish 'alhaja,' which in turn comes from the Arabic 'al-ḥājah,' meaning 'the necessary thing' or 'the valuable thing.' This shows how our language is a repository of global history, tracing a path from the Arab world through Spain to the Philippines.

How can I apply this knowledge without looking like I'm wearing a costume?

The key is fusion, not re-enactment. The modern Filipino style is precisely this mix. Wear your heirloom 'singsing' with a trendy 'bag.' Pair a classic 'relo' with a t-shirt and locally-made beaded necklaces. It's about integrating these historical layers into a look that feels authentic to you, right now.

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filipino fashionphilippine historyetymologyfashion accessories in tagalogstyle guide